Assigztos



G. A. ANDERSON TRUCK SIDE FRAME Original Filed Dec. 5, 1921 Nov. 9 1926.

l l l l l ll Nov. 9

G. A. ANDERSON TRUCK SDE FRAME 5 Sheets-Sheet Original Filed Dec. 8.- 1921 l Re. 16,458 G. A. ANDERSON 'rnucxA SIDE: FRAME Original Filed Dec. 8. 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVINTQR Nov. 9

G. A. ANDERSON .TRUCK SI'DB FRAME Original F'led DQG. 8. 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Mill Nov. 9,1926. n Re, 16,458

G. A. ANDERSON TRUCK SIDE FRAME Original Filed Deo. a. 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 but comparatively bar portions Reissued Nov. 9, 1926.

eus'rar nvm-Anmarsch', or nALmMoan'MAaYLANn, AssIeNon, BY mesma:v As- BIGNMENTS, AT0 THE SYNIIIN'GTON` COMPANY, A-

CORPOBATION 0E MARYLAND.

'rauox SIDE FRAME.

Original No. 1,429,074,11ated I'uly 11, 1922, Serial No. 520,849, led December 8, 11921. Application for reissue med March 5, 1926. Serial No. 92,804.

My invention relates toLside frames for car trucks, and is designed to produce a construction .which is very strong and stiff light and in which maintenance charges are reduced to a minimum.

The principal feature of the invention consists in forming a car truck side frame with a sheet metal outer wall and a sheet metal inner wall, the said walls constituting a continuous sheet and each having a plurality of truck column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, yand a plurality ofpedestal tie bar portions. I

A further feature ofthe invention consists in constructing a car truck side frame from a continuous sheet of metal constitutingl an outer wall and an inner wall, 'said frame having its top extendin in a stralght line land said sheet having a p urality of top arch portions, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, and a plurallty of bolster openin gs A Another" feature of the invention consists in Constructing a car truck side frame with a sheet metal outer wall and a sheet metal inner wall, the said walls being provided Vwith corresponding flanges which are weld-y ed together.

,- A still further feature of the invention resides in constructing a car truckl side frame with a sheet metal outer wall and a sheet metal inner wall',feach of said walls boeing formed with .a bolster opening and with a pluralityof tapering pedestal tie bar portions, the cross sectional area of said tie being greaterv adjacent the bolster openings'thalr'at their outer ends.

Another feature of the invention consists in forming a car truck side frame with an outer wall of sheet metal and an inner wall of sheet metal and in providing each Aof .I said walls with transversely extendin stiffsists in forming a' car ening ianges projectingfrom one si c only of their respective walls. A further feature of the invention contruck side frame with a pedestal tie bar portion extending beneath bar beinghollow and Y 'Wall of said they bolster opening ofjthe side frame andL adapted to connect the associatedvjournal boxes; the Icentral portion ofthe' pedestal tie of rectangular 'cross he bottom v section belo the\bolster openlng,;t

-the journal boxes, and

ntral portion vbeing 'prolongedv directions so as to pass beneath the side walls of said central portlon being prolonged to form upright iianges stifening the pedestal tie bar on opposite sides-of the bolster opening. 4Another' feature ofthe invention consists in forming a car truck side frame with an outer wall of sheet metal and an inner wall of sheet metal, each involving pedestal tie bar portions and in providing said tie bar portions with stiffening flan es which merge with therespective lside wzls adjacent the lower end of the bolster opening with which the sidey fname is furnished. Another? feature of the invention consists 1n forming a car truck side frame with a plurality of top arch bar portions, aplurality of bottom arch bar portions, and a plurality of truck column portions, the said bottom arch bar portions being of graduall increasing width in the planes of the truck side frame adjacent thev truck column portions. V Another feature 'of the invention consists 1n forming a car truck side frame with a sheet metal outer wall and a sheet metal inner wall, each of said walls being provided with a series of correspondin ly spacedl lugs which are adapted to be weldedtogether.

A further feature of the invention consists in forming a car truck side frame as a continuous sheet of metal constituting an outer wall and an inner wall\ in spaced relation to said outer wall and in providing each of said walls with top Jarch b ar portions lwhose lower sidesslope downwardly toward the respectivfelly adjacent ends of the side frame, thus pr ucng a. toparch bar having its top in a straight line and its neutral axis arched, thereb camber ofthe top arch ar. A

A still further feature of the invention consists in the rethod of manufacturing a car truck side frame by sheet of metal a blank having corresponding side frame portions rwhich are symmetrically disposed'wlthrespect to an axis of vsymmetry passing between them, bending corresponding rtions of said .blank -to form -an whlch .project from thev same side of the plank, fo ing the'blank along a line which throughout its' the said axis of symmetry, anges by 'wldinsin opposite forming from a effecting a virtual There are other. features of the invention pertaining to particular relatlons of parts and detail of. construction, all as will here- In the drawings illustrating the invention, the scope whereof is pointed out in the claims: .Figure/1' is a view, partly in side elevation and partly in vertlcal section, of a car truck side frame embodying the invention,

the wheels and journal boxes of the car line 4 4, Fig. 1. D

Figure 5 is a detail sectional view on the 1in@ 5 5, Fig. 1.

Figure 6` is a detail sectional view on the line 6 6, Fig. 1.

Figure7 is a. detail sectional view on the line 7 7, Fig. 1. l

- Figure 8 is a detail sectional view on the line 8 8, Fig. 1.

Figure 9 is a detail sectional view on the line 9 9, Fig.- 1.

Figure 10 1s an inverted plan view of one half of the lower portion of the truck side frame shown in Fig. 1.

Figure 11 is an inverted plan view of an end portion of the truck side frame.- v

Figure 12 is a the truck frame illustrated in Fig. 11.

Fi ure 13 is a view illustrating a sheet meta blank for forming the side frame shown in Fig. 1.

Figure 14 is a view corresponding to Fig. 9, but illustrating a slightly modified construction.

f, Figure 16 is Figure 15 is a side elevation bf a car truck frame embodying a modilied form of myl in-l vention the spring plank and the truck wheels beingshown in dotted lines.

a sectional view on the line 16 16, Fig. l5, a portion ofthe spring plank being broken away.

` Figure 17 is a detail sectional view of one half of the truck frame, the section being taken on the line 17 17, Figxfl, and a portion of the spring plank beinglomittei AFigure 18 is line 18 18,' Fig. 15.

Figure 19 is adetail sectionalviewon the line l9 l9, Fig. 15. A

Figure 20 is lan end elevation of the upper part of the truck side frame shown in Figure 21 is a view illustrating a sheet metal blank for forming the truck side `frame shown in Fig. 15.

Figure 22 is' a detail vertical section illustrating a modification ofthe portions of the boxes and 2 indicates line 2 2, Fig.

plan view of the portion of` oblique angle to the top Y l wall. a detail sectional vie'wjon they `the entire .side frame;

side frame which extend `over the journal boxes. j

Figure 23 is a sectional view on the llne 23-23, Fig. 22.

In the drawings, 1 indicates the journal the side frame of a car journal boxes'are sebolts 3 in a well known truck to which said cured by journal box manner.

The side frame 2 of the truck is formed of sheet lmetal and comprises an outer wall 4 and an inner Wall 5, the said walls being in spaced relation to each other and preferably being formed from a single continuous sheet.

Each of said walls is provided with a plurality of truck column portions 6, a plurality of top arch bar portions 7, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions 8, and a plurality of pedestal tie bar portions 9, the truck column portionsbeing spaced apart to form a bolster opening between them. The parts of the pedestal tie bar portions of the side frame which are located between the truck columns and the adjacent journal boxes 3 may advantageously be of taperingV form, their greatest cross sectional areas being at their junctions With the respective truck columns. Such a Construction not only imparts to theside frame increased ability to resist vertical loads but it also reinforces and supports the lower ends of the truck columns so that failure of the truck side frame at those points cannot Well occur.

The bottom arch bar portions 8 of the outer Wallof the truck,

which extend at an arch bar and to the pedestal tie bar portions of the side lframe, merge with and are integrally connected to the top arch bar portions 7 of the outer Wall above the journal boxes at the ends of the truck, as also do thecorresponding top arch bar and bottom arch b ar portions of the innellr Wall of the side Aframe.'

The side frame is stifened against transverse thrusts by providing the inner and outerwalls 'of the structure with stili'ening flanges, the stiii'ening flanges with which the outer wall is furnished preferably extendin'g toward the inner wall, 'and the stitiening anges with which the inner wall is provided preferably corresponding to those of the outer walland extending toward said outer By thus forming these `stiifening flanges they may be availed of for uniting 'the-outer and inner walls of the truck side 'frame by welding. Mo-reover, this disposition of s'tilening flanges on lone s ide only of the respective walls of the truckaenables said by increasing the rigidity and strength of ing flanges preferably extends not more than one half the distance toward the opposite wall of the trucl frame. This is more advantageous than making the flanges ofeun- Each of the stiffenvv1,0 by spot welding. As shown in Figs. 1 and 9, the vertical chafing plates 13 are prefinA the side frame at thos equal width, because the production of a wide ange at certain points 'of the structure would result in serious stretching of the metal, reducing its thickne vand weakening rpgnts, whereas by forming the flanges of equal width the stretching of the metal is yminimized and, moreover, the reduced section is located at the midline of the frame where the strength requirement is least, instead l0f appearing nearer the side walls of the' frame where the strength requirement is greatest. Stifl'ening flanges 10 which border the adjacent sides of the ltruck column portions 6 of the outer wallof the sideframe and which extend toward the inner wall of said frame arepreferably employed. They may merge y into or be connected at their upper ends by a flange 11 which stiffens the central part of the top arch bar portion 7 of the outer wall.

At their lower ends of the said flangesC 10 may merge into a flange 12 projecting inwardly from the outer wall and bordering the lower end of the bolster opening. As so `constructed the stiffening flanges 10, 11 and 12 completely border and reinforce the bolster opening inthe outer wall of the side frame. vided with stifl'ening flanges 10, 11 and 12 corresponding to those heretofore described, The u per portions of the adjacent flanges 10 bor ering the truck column portions 6 are preferably united by bolsterchafing plates 13 which,las indicated by the dotted circles 1,4 in Fig. 2, may be connected to said flanges erably of such width that their vertical edges are adapted to form end stops for a truck bolster (not shown which projects into the bolster opening o the side frame in the usual manner. M t

.Betweenthe truck column portions 6 andl the respxectively adjacent ends of the side frame t e top arch bar portions 7 of the outer wall and of the inner wall are preferably reinforced by oppositelyv extending flanges 15. The outer edge of each bolster column portion 6 is likewise preferably reinforced by an internal flange 16, while the bottom arch bar portions 8 of the inner and outer walls mayv advantageously be provided along their upper edges with similar stiffening flan es 17, the said flanges 15, 16 and 17 of eac wall being continuous and forming a substan.v

tiall triangular figure. I

A ong thei lower edges the bottom arch bar portions 8 of the side frame walls are.

sti'ened by 'internal flanges 18 which are preferably prolonged so .as to extend over the journal boxes -and also to reinforce the junctions of the said arch bars with the pedestal tie bars 9. The stiffening flanges 18 are tapered or reduced in height adjacent the respective junctions of the bottom arch bar The inner wall 5 .is similarly protions with the truck columns 6 and arch bar portions 8 soas effectively to transfer the stress in the flanges 18 of the bottom archl bars to the side walls of the truck frame.

The inner margins of these flanges 18 are de- `sirably formed with opposed spaced lugs or projections 36 which bridge the space between the side walls and contact each other, as shown in Figures 3, Tand 13. `The opposing lugs 36 are preferably weldedtogether electrically. The spacing of the welding lugs of the flangesv 18 provides openings through the lower sides of the bottom archv bars allowing moisture to be drained from the interiorof said arch bars, thus reducing the formation of rust.

The outer wall and the inner wall of the side frame are rigidly united at the bottom by electrically welding` together the abutting portions of flanges 19 with which the sai walls are respectively provided. These flanges which pass beneath the journal boxes 1 and are ,preferably continuous along the entire bottom edge of the side frame, may have their opposed edges formed as a series of'lugs 37 (see Figs. 3 and 10), thus not only affording drainage openings 20 but also in large measure confining an injury to the metal which may be causedY by the electric welding to points remote from the side walls of the frame, which latter are the main stress carrying parts of the structure.

Portions ofv the `side walls 4 and 5, together with the flanges 12 and 19 thereon form a pedestal tie bar which is hollow and of rectangular cross section below the bolster opening vof the side frame, the bottom wall o f said central portion thus formed being prolonged in opposite directions so as to pass beneath the journal boxes of the side frame, and' the side walls of said central portion being prolonged to form tapering upright flanges 38 which stiften the pedestal tie bar on opposite sides of the bolster opening.

The top of the truck side frame extends in a' stra`1ght line. This enables the sheet from which the frame is formed to be simply folded, thus avoiding the stretching of the metal which would be 4incident to a shaping or pressing process if the top of the frame were not straight. To cause the top archlbar portions of the frame to have the effect of a cambered compression member, notwithstanding that the upper side of the frame lies in a straight line, the lower si es 39 of the to archbar portions on opposite sides of the olster opening preferably slope downwardl toward the respectively adjacent ends o the side frame, as 'shown in Fig. 15, so that they are of greater depth at' points adjacent their junctions with the corresponding bottom varch bars 8 than at points nearer the center of the side frame.

The portions of the side frame which` extend over the journal boxes are preferably -reduced in height atA their extremities, as

. shown at 40, their outer ends being formed entirely as parts of the side Walls of the frame. Brovision for this feature of construction may be made by forming the-sheet metal blank from which thesideframe is produced with oppositely disposed VK-shaped recesses 41 cutting away the metal desired to be eliminated at the outer ends of the side frame above the journal boxes. r v

The portions of the side frame which Aextend over the journal boxes 1 are preferably reinforced and \laterally stifl'en'ed by-flanged castings 21 which are, in the present embodiment, located between the Walls of the side frame and are secured thereto by means of rivets 22, although welding maybe employed for the connection, if so desired, as for the chafing plates 13. These reinforcing members are formed with suitable openings to receive the journal box bolts 3, which also `pass through corresponding circular openings, formed by providing registering semicircular openings or notches in the opposite flanges. The inner journal box bolts may be provided with T heads rather than with square heads, thus `enabling the openings 23 formed inthe top arch bar for the introduction of said journal box bolts toA be made dle being preferably formed With down? wardly projecting portions which embrace-f the neighboring portion of the frame and thus serve to resist any spreading or s eparation of the walls of the side frame at this point; v Separation of the inner and oliter walls of the frame `adjacent the lower end of the bolster opening may be also provided against by electrically welding together the abutting edges of the stiffening flanges 12 and the abutting edges of the adjacent portions of the flanges l0 bordering the truck columns.

' The brake hanger brackets 27 f preferably employed nextend between the adjacent top and bottom arch bar portions of the side frameand embrace the outer and inner walls of the top arch bar, thus increasing the stiffness of the construction. As well shown in Figs. 2 to 6, inclusive, the upper and lower surfaces produced in the flanging and pressing o eration ofthe sheet from whlch the side crowning is advantageous not onlybecause it increases the strength of the structure but arch bar portions being upon opposite sides rame is formed may be crowned. This also because it enables the abutting edges of the stiff'ening flanges to be most satisfactorily brought 4together. for welding, anduin some instances promotes the draina e of moisture from the interior of the truc side frame. The surfaces of the truck frame forming seats' for the journal boxes and for the spring plank are .preferably flattened instead of being crowned A l In the modified form of construction shown in Fig. 14., the internal stiffening flanges 28 bordering the truck column portions of the outer and inner walls of the side frame extend sufficiently far transversely of the frame to be welded together.V In this construction a simple plate 29 which may be spot welded at its edges to the truck column portions, as indicated at 30, serves as a bolster cha'ting plate or wear pad.

The sheet metal blank from which the truck side frame is constructed is preferably of the form shown in Fig. 13, the original outline of the blank prior to the ,production of the stiffening flanges being indicated Aby dot and dash lines. The portions ofthe Vblank which correspond to features of construction heretofore described .have been indicated by theA appropriate reference m14 merals. As will be seen, the blank is formed with a plurality of bolster openings,a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bottom arch bar portlons, and a plurality of pedestal tie bar portions, the top arch' bar` portions and the' corresponding bottom of the respective bolster openings. The 4 bolster openings are symmetrically disposed upon opposite sides of a line passing between them. In the particular form of blank illustrated, which is the preferred form, the top arch bar portions of the blank, rather than the pedestal tie bar portions thereof, extend between the bolster openings.

The modified form of construction shown in Figs. l5 to 20,inclusive, maybe produced from a sheet metal blank of the form illustrated in Fig. 21, the original outline of the blank prior to the production of the stiffening flanges being indicated by dot and dash lines. Except for the details of construction hereinafter referred to, this modified form of truck side frame is substantially the same as the structure shown in the rincipal figures of the drawings. Instead o employing bolster cha-'fing plates the internal bordering fianges 31 o the truck columns of this modified form of side frame are adapted to contact directly with the sides of thetruck bolster (not shown), the abutting edges of said flanges being welded together electrically; and instead ofwelding together the stiflening flanges of thev bottom arch bar portions of the. inner and outer walls of this form of truck frame, the stifening flanges 32 of the bottom arch bar portions of the 1 v sol llO

l box bolts.

` ster chafing-pl'ates 13, if used.

.-having a plurality frame are made somewhat shorter so that a space or slot is formed between them. For the purpose orf 'ving transverse stiffness to the vportions of the side frame which extend over the journal boxes the outer wall and the inner wall of the frame are provided with oppositely extending triangular anges 33 forming gussets or braces which are preferably Welded together along their abutting edges. When the ends of the truck frame are provided with reinforcing 33 it is preferred to employ anged plates 34 for reinforcing the side frame above the journal boxes, the said plates being welded to the interior of the side frame and being provided with suitable openings for journal The ianges of the reinforcingplates 34 are adapted to form nut locks for the heads of the journal box bolts.

It will be perceived that a car truck side 'frame embodying the mventionmay be manufactured by first-forming from a plain plate or sheet of responding sidefframe portions which-are symmetrically disposed with respect to an axis of symmetry of the blank passing between them. blank are bent to form flanges which pro- 'ject from the lsame side thereof, theblank being then folded so as to cause theV ortion thereof which constitutes the top of t e side frame to extend in a straight line parallel throughout to the axis of symmetry of the blank. The fianges are then finally united by welding.` The reinforcing plates or castings 21 are then placed in position and connected to the side frame,.as well as the bol- Itwill be'notedthat a truck frame embodying my invention not only has the merit of being constructed of light and reliable material, but its parts are so formed and combined that the points subjected to greatest strains in service are rendered exceedingly strong. It will also be perceived that .the construction makes it possibles-to avoid the use of. rivets which are subjected` -to shearing strains.

. I claim 1 1. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer wall and a sheet'` metal inner wall `integrally lconnectedy thereto in Aspaced relation therewith, each'ofsaidwalls of truck column pertions a plurality` of Yto'p Larch bar portions, a-pli1.

rality of bottom arch b'ar portions and a plurality of pedestaltie bar portions.

sheet metal outerY wall and a Sheet metal inner wall, each of said walls having a plurality -oftruck, column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions,

tom arch b ar portions, and a plurality of L pedestal tie'bar portions.

3. car truck side Vframe"comprising top sset flanges gether.

metal a blank having cor- Corresponding portions of the 'said walls having 2. A car truck side frame involvingfa a plurality of botinner wall spaced with relation thereto,

arch bar portions, bottom arch bar'portions, edestal tie bar portions, and truck columns lntegrally connected to`said several portions', said top and bottom archbar portions and said truck columnsfeach being formed with an outer wall and with an inner wall in spaced relation to said outer Wall.

4.J A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer wall having pedestal tie bar portions, and a sheet metal inner wall provided with pedestal tie bar portionsI and spaced with relation to said outer wall, said outer wellbeing provided with stifening flanges extending toward said inner wall, and said inner wall beingprovided with stiifening {ianges extending towards said outer Wall, said flanges being welded to- 5. A metal outer wall, and a sheet metal inner Wall spaced with relation thereto, each of said walls having a umn portions, a plurality. of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions and a plurality of pedestal tie bar portions, said truck column portions of said outer wall being` provided with stifening flanges which extend toward said inner wall, and said truck column portions of said inner lwall being provided with stifening ianges which extend toward said outer wall.

'6. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal' outer wall, and a sheet metal inner wall spaced with lrelation thereto, said outer wall and said inner wall respectively being provided with corresponding anges which are welded together. u

7 A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer' wall, and a sheet metal inner wall integrally connected thereto, in spacedand said relation therewith, said louter wall inner wall respectively being provided with corresponding anges which are Awelded to` gether. j A

8. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer wall, and a sheet metal inner wall spaced with relation thereto, each of afplural/ity of truck column portions and having stlifening flanges located between said walls and respectively bordering said truck column portions.

9. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer wall, and a sheet inetal inner ,wall spaced'with relation thereto, each of saidwalls having a plurality of truck column portions, a plurality of top rch barportions',

anfdfa plurality of bottomarchbar portions,

cated between said walls.. 10.`.A car truck side car truck side frame involving asheet said truck column portrons and ,said bottom arch bar portions being respecv tively provided with' bordering flanges lo- 1 frame .involving a' plurality of truck colsheet inetalfout'en wall, and. a 4sheet metal each of said wallshaving a pluralityV of'truck colg umn portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, and a plurality of'bottom arch bar portions, said bottom arch bar portions of said outer and inner Walls being provided with corresponding flanges which are welded together.

11. A car truck side frame involving an outer Wall of sheet metal,.and an inner Wall of sheet metal, each oi"Y said Walls having a plurality of truck column portions, a plutie bar portions of sheet metal, each and said inner Wall being respectively pro# rality. of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, and a plurality of. pedestal tie bar portions, said ltop and bottom arch bar portions and said pedestal of each of said Walls being integrally united to the respective truck column portions.

12. A car truck side frame involving an outer Wall of sheet metal, and an inner wall of said Walls having a plurality of truck column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, and |a plurality of pedestal tie bar portions, said outer wall vided with stitlening flanges.

13. A car truck side frame involving a continuous sheet of metal having a plurality of bolster openings therein and a plurality of pedestal tie bar portions, said bolster openings being inregister With each other.

1 4.` A car truck side frame involving a continuous sheet of metal. constituting an outer wall and an inner Wall in spaced relation to said outer wall, said sheet being provided with a plurality of registering bolster openings and with a plurality of pedestal tie bar portions.

15. A car truck side frame involving a "0 continuous sheet of metal constituting an outer Wall and an inner Wall in spaced relation to said outer Wall, said outer Wall being provided with a bolster opening and with a plurality of pedestaljtie bar portions, said Cinner Wall being provided with a bolster opening and with a pluralityv of pedestal tie bar portions, and correspon ing tie bar portions of said outer and inner Walls being rigidly connected. o

16'. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer Wall, and a sheet metal inner Wall, each of said Wallsmbeing formed with a plurality of truck column portions and Wit-h a plurality of pedestal tie bar portions, the cross sectional area of said. tie bar portions being greater adjacent said truck column portions than at the outer ends of said tie bar portions.

1'7. A car truck side framev involving 'a continuous sheet of vmetal constituting anl outer Wall and an inner Wall, each of said Walls having a bolster being provided bar portions.-

18. A car truck side frame, said frame opening therein and AWith tapering' pedestal tie having its top in a straight-,line and involving a continuous sheet of metal constituting an outer Wall and an i'nner Wall, said sheet having a plurality of top arch bar portions a plurality of bottomarch bar portions, and a plurality of bolster openings.

19. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer Wall, and a sheet metal i11- ner Wall, each of said Walls having a plurality of truck column portions and a plurality of top-arch bar portions, and reinforcing members located bet-Ween and secured to said arch bar port-ions, said. reinforcing members having openings adapted to receive journal box bolts. 2

20. A car truckside frame involving a. sheet metal outer wall, a sheet metal inner Wall spaced from said outer Wall, each of said Walls having a bolster opening, a plurality of top arch bar portions and a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, said top arch bar portions being provided with Hanges which extend toward each other, and brake hanger means extending between said top and bottom arch bar portions and secured to and embracing said top arch bar portions.y

21. A car truck side frame involving an outer wall of sheet metal, and an inner Wall ot' sheet metal, each of said Walls being provided With stiiiening flanges, said flanges extending beyond one side only of their respectivewalls.

22. A car truck side fra-me involving a continuous sheet of metal constituting an outer Wall and an inner wall in spaced relation to said outer wall, said sheet being pro'- vided With transversely crowned flanges.

23. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer Wall and a sheet metal inner Wall, the said Walls being joined at the upper part of the side frame to constitute a continuous sheet, the portion of said sheet joining said Walls being crowned transversely of the side frame.

24.'A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer Wall, and a sheet metal inner Wall, each of said Walls being formed With'a plurality of truck column portions and with a plurality of pedestal tie bar portions, the corresponding pedest-altie bar portions of the saidI Walls having spaced portions affording a drainage opening.

25. A car ituck side frame involving a sheet metal outer Wall, and a sheet metal inner Wall, eaclrof saidy Walls being formed With a plurality ,of truck vcolumn portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions and a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, the corresponding bottom arch bar portions of said walls havingl spaced portions ali'ording' a drainage opening.

26. A blank for a side frame member of a car truck, said bla-nk having a plurality of bolster openings therein and being provided with a plurality of pedestal tie.l bar portions symmetrically disposed on opposite sides of a line passing 'between said bolster openings and between said tie bar portions. 27. A blank for aside frame member of a car truck, said blank being of sheet metal and having a plurality of bolster openings and being provided on opposite sides of thee said bolster openings with a plurality of pedestal tiev bar portions. v

28. A blank for a side frame member of a car truck, said blank being o sheet metal and ha-vinga plurality of bolster openings therein and being provided on opposite sidesv of said bolster openings with top. arch bar and with bottom arch bar portions extending at an oblique angle to said top arch bar portions and to saidepedestal tie bar portions.

29. A blank for a side frame member of a and having an axis of symmetry dividing said blank into two portions each of which has a bolster opening, top arch bar portions,

pedestal tie bar portions and bot-torn` ai'ch bar portions. y

30. A blank for a side frame member of a car truck, said blankY bein -of sheet metal and yhaving a pluralityo spaced bolster openings symmetrically -disposed upon opposite sides of a line passing between them, and said blank also being provided with 'a plurality oi edestal tie bar portions extendlng at an ob ique angle to said line.

31. A blank for a side frame member of a car truck, said blank being of sheet metal and having a plurality of pedestal tie bar portions symmetrically disposed upon oppositesides of a line passing between them rn'd extending at an oblique angle to said 32. A blank for a side frame member of a car truck, said blank being of sheet metal and having a plurality of pedestal tie bar portions symmetrically disposed upon opposite sides of a line passing between them. 33. A blank for a side frame member of a car truck, said blankNbeing of sheet metal and having a portion adapted to form an inner Wall of said side frame anda portion adapted to form an outer wall of said frame,

parts of said outer wall portion and corresponding parts of said inner wall portion being adapted to extend over respective journal boxes, and said blank having` oppositely disposed V-shaped recesses `adapted to form openings in the side frame above the respec-- tive journal boxes and eiecting a reduction of height of the outer parts of said Wall portions Which extend over the journal boxes.r

34. A car ytruck side frame involving a vsheet metal outer wall, a sheet metal inner Wall spaced with relation thereto, each of Said walls havin a. plurality of truck column portions an having flanges located between portions and with pedestal tie bar portions car truck, said blank being ofA sheet metal said walls andnrespectively borderin said plates respectively secured to the said flanges which' are adjacent each other.v

car truck side frame'involving a sheet metal outer wall, a sheet metal inner wall spa-red with relation thereto, each of said- Walls having a plurality of truck col,- urnn portions and'having stil'ening flanges located between said walls and'respectively bordering said truck column portions, and a plurality of bolster. chaing plates respectively securedto said flanges to constitute means for connecting said walls, Athe'vertical edges of said chafin'g plates being adapted to form end stops for a truck bolster.

.36. A car truck side frame involving a continuous sheet of metal forming inner and outer Walls and a plurality of pedestal tie bar portions.

37. A car truck side frame having a bolster opening therein and provided with a pedestal'tie bar portion extending beneath said bolster opening and adapted to connect. journal boxes associated with the side frame, the central portion of said pedestal tie bar being hollow and of rectangular cross section below the bolster opening, the bottom wall of said central portion being prolonged in opposite directions and being adaptedtol pass beneath the journal boxes of the side frame, and the side Walls of said central portion being prolonged to form upright truck column portions, and bolster c atingv flanges stiifening said pedestal tie bar on opposite sides of the bolster opening.

38. A car truck side frame having portions adapted to extend over the respective journal boxes with which thes'ide frame is'r in the respective planes' of the sald walls.

39. A car truck side framehaving portions adapted to extend over the respective journal boxes with which the side frame is associated, said side frame involving a continuous sheet of metal constituting an outer wall and an inner wall, said walls being integrally united at the top of saidrame by a portion of said sheet, the top of said side 'frame being formed in a straight line, the outer ends of said portions extending over the journal boxes being wholly in the respective planes of the said Walls, and the said portions of the frame which extend over the journal boxes being of less height at their extremities than at points removed from said extremities.-

40. A car truck side :frame involving a sheet metal outer wall and a sheet metal nmA inner Wall each comprising a. top arch bar portion, a bottom arch bar portion, pedestal tie bar portions and truck columns integrally connected to said several portions, cach of said walls being provided with stit l' uiing ,r,flanges extendiig toward the other wall, some of said stiffening flanges being tapered to merge into the respective walls.

41j. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer Wall anda sheet metal innergvall, each of, said walls having a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bottoni arch portions, and a plurality of pedestal tie bar portions, said bottom arch bar portions of said outer and inner Walls being provided with -stitlening flanges, the said stitfcning flanges being reduced in height at the junction of said bottom arch bar portions with said pedestal tie bar portions.

42. A car truck side frame linvolving an outer wall ot' sheet metal and an inner wall y oi sheet metal, each of said walls involving width adjacent their l junction with the re- Ispectively adjacent truck column portions and pedestal tie bar portions. 44. Axcar truck lside frame involving a sheet metal outer wall and a sheet metal inner wall spaced with relation thereto, each of said Walls having a plurality of truck column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions., a. pluralityl of bottom arch bar portions, and a plurality of pedestal tie bar portions, said. bottom arch bar portions being` ot' increased Width adjacent their points of junction With the respectively adjacent truck columns portions and pedestaltie bar portions.

45. A `car truck side 'frame involving a sheet metal outer Wall and a sheet metal inner wall spaced with. relation thereto, each ot said walls being provided with a bolster opening, a plurality of top arch bar portions and a plurality of bottom arch bar portions sloping downwardly from said' top arch bar portions toward the lower ends ot' said bolster openings, said bottom arch bar portions being gradually increased in width toward the' lower ends of said bolster openings.

46. A car truck side frame involving a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions sloping downwardly therefrom,'and aplurality of truck column portions, said bottom arch bar portions being of gradually increasing width in the plane of the truck side frame adjacent said truck column portions.

47. A car truck side frame involving .a continuous sheet of metal constituting an outer wall and an inner Wall, said sheet being :folded at the upper edge ot' said frame, and

said fold being i'n a straight line.

48. A car truck side trame involving a continuous sheet of metal having a foldcated between and secured vto said walls l above the respective journal boxes. l 50. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer wall and a sheet metalinner wall, each Aof said Walls having portions adapted. to extend over respective -journal boxes, the said portions being respectively provided With flanges extending to- Ward each other, and reinforcing members locatedbetween and secured to said walls above said flanges.

51. A car truck side frame involving a plurality of truck column portions, a plurality ot' top arch'bar portions, and a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, said bottom arch bar portions each having spaced side walls and a bottom wall, the bottom walls of said bottom arch bar portions being provided with drainage openings.

52. A car truck side frame having a plurality of truck column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions and a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, each of saidbottom arch bar portions having side walls and aweb connecting said side walls, said web being formed with an opening locatedsubstantially equi-distant from said side walls.

53. A car truck side frame having a plu'- rality of truck'column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions and a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, said bottom arch bar portions being of channel cross section and beingA provided with openings in the webs of said channel located approximately at the midline of the latter.

54. A car truck side frame having a plurality of truck column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, and a plurality of pedestal tie bar portions, each of said pedestal tie bar portions being. for a partI of their lengths formed with spaced side walls, and a bottom wall connecting said side walls, the said bottom wall being formed with'openings located substantially at the l midline of said tie bar portions.

55. A car truck side framel having pedestal tie bar means adapted to be connected to the journal boxes of a truck, said pedestal tie` wall, said outer wall being provided with a plurality of spaced bridging lugs extending toward said inner wall, and said inner wall being provided with correspondingly spaced bridging lugs extending toward said outer wall, said lugs being welded together.

57. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer wall and a sheet metal inner wall, said walls being provided with top arch bar portions and bottom arch bar portions, said bottom arch bar portions of said outer wall being provided with a plurality of spaced bridging lugs which extend toward said inner wall, and said bottom arch bar portions of said inner wall being provided with correspondingly spaced bridgingy lugs which extend toward said outer wall, the said bridging lugs being welded together.

58. A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer wall and a sheet metal inner wall spaced with relation thereto, each of said walls being provided with stiffening flanges located between said walls, each of said flanges extending not more than half the distance toward the opposite wall.

59, A car truck side frame involving a sheet metal outer wall and a sheet metal in ner wall spaced with relation thereto, each of said walls being provided with a stiifenf ing flange located between said walls, each of said flanges extending not more than half the distance toward the opposite, wall and being united by welding.

60. A car truck side frame involving a continuous sheet of metal constituting an outer wall and an inner wall in" spaced relation to said outer wall, each of said walls being formed with a plurality of top arch 1 bar .portions ar plurality of bottom arch bar portions united' at one end yto said top arch bar portions, and

a plurality of truck columnportions unit-,-

, ing said top and bottom arch bar portions,

the lower sides of said top arch bar portions being sloped downwardly toward the respectively ad] acent ends of the side frame.

61. A car truck side frame involving a continuous 'sheet of metal constituting an outer wall and an inner wall in spaced relation to said outer avall, each of said walls being formed with a plurality of top arch bar portions having lower sides which slope downwardly-toward the respectively adjacent ends of the side frame.

l62. A car truck side framel involving a continuous sheet of metal constituting an outer wall and an inner wall in spaced relation to said outer wall,each of said walls having a top arch bar portion and a bottom arch bar portion, said top arch bar portion being of greater depth at a po-int adjacent said bottom arch bar portion than at points nearer the center of the side frame.

63. The method of manufacturing a car truck side frame involving the following steps, namely; forming from a sheet of metal a blank having corresponding side frame portions symmetrically Vdisposed with respect to an axis of symmetry passing be tween them, bending corresponding portions of said blank to formV flanges which project` from the same side thereof, and folding said blank along a line which throughout its length is parallel to the said axis of symmetry.

t4; The method of manufacturin a car truck said frame involving the fo lowing.

steps, namely; fo-rming from a sheet of metal a blank having corresponding side frame portions disposed on opposite sides of a straight line forming an axis of symmetry of the blank, bending corresponding por# tions of said blank to form ianges which project from the same side thereof, folding said blank on opposite sides of the axis -of symmetry along straight lines parallel with said axls throughout, and uniting said anges' by welding.

65. The steps in making a truck side frame of integral orm, consisting in cutting a plain plate' to the shape desired with portions which are ultimately to form certam lianges provided with pro.

jections, then Hanging various portions thereof including those provided with the ressed metal projections aforesaid, then bending the plate v about its intermediate portion and placing the projecting portions of each half of the i plate opposite each other, and then welding said projections to ether.

`In testimony w ereof, I affix `mylsignature. f

GUSTAF ARVID ANDERSON. 

